Common skin problems

Extremes of temperature, excessive sun exposure and alcohol consumption may all contribute to the condition telangiectasia, more commonly described as broken capillaries. Whenever these tiny vessels become dilated, they are likely to be visible at the skin surface, particularly around the nose and cheeks. The usual cosmetic treatment is known as sclerotherapy. This involves injecting each capillary with a saline solution, causing the swollen vessels to collapse. Most individuals find the treatment effective, however, there is a possibility that the problem may reoccur within a year or two. The best preventive measure is to avoid extremes of weather, always apply good quality organic moisturiser, and to limit intake of salt, alcohol, and saturated fats. Increasing the dietary supply of essential fatty acids and the key antioxidant minerals (zinc, selenium, and manganese) will also help to promote blood vessel integrity.

Allergies

Itchiness is one of the most frequently reported concerns in relation to the condition of skin. When determining the causal factors it is important to consider the location, duration, and severity of the itching sensation.

One of many possibilities is that of systemic allergic reaction. In basic terms, an allergic reaction is an exaggeration of the normal immune response. Upon encountering unfamiliar or potentially dangerous substances, the immune system will produce antibodies which enable the body to create powerful neutralising chemicals like histamine. In most cases, an allergic reaction is determined by the quantity of histamine present in the bloodstream. One of the physiological effects of histamine is to rapidly dilate blood vessels, initiating the release of excess fluid. In some cases the released fluid will form blisters beneath the skin. Commonly known as weals or hives, these can be extremely itchy, even painful.

Skin allergies can be triggered internally by swallowing or inhaling various substances, including whole and processed foods, additives, chemical residue, environmental pollutants, and medicinal or recreational drugs. Some of the most common external triggers of skin allergies include cosmetics, solvents, cleaning and hygiene products, topical medicines, clothing and other fabrics. Allergic skin reactions may also be triggered by insect bites or contact with certain species of plant, particularly stinging nettle, cacti, and fungi.

Individual susceptibility to acute and chronic allergic responses is now believed to have some genetic component. Children face a greater risk of suffering skin allergies when either or both parents have history of similar conditions. There is also research and anecdotal evidence to support the theory of a critical period during development of the immune system. The theory proposes that infants and young children are exposed to certain allergens during a critical period, resulting in an increased susceptibility throughout adulthood which might otherwise have been avoided.

Treating allergies

At this point in time there is no medical remedy for systemic allergies. Conventional treatments tend to focus on basic prevention and the alleviation and management of symptoms. An initial priority is often to conduct a series of tests which determine the source of irritant or substance which triggers the allergic response. The skin prick test is useful isolating triggers for most systemic allergies. A tiny amount of each potential trigger is delivered subcutaneously. A positive result is usually indicated within minutes by the familiar allergic skin reaction, an itchy swelling over the site. The patch test is best suited to identifying irritants in localised skin reactions such as contact dermatitis. Potential allergens are introduced with adhesive patches positioned on the sensitive skin of the arms and torso. After several hours, the patches are removed and the skin is examined for signs of reaction at each site.

Avoiding allergy triggers

Once identified, it makes sense to strictly avoid allergy triggering substances. This may include excluding particular food groups such as dairy produce, wheat and manufactured wheat products containing gluten, nuts and seeds including peanut, sesame, and various tree nuts. In most cases it is possible to substitute these items with an alternative food source. Individuals with lactose intolerance and associated dairy allergies may find benefit from soy products containing protein, calcium, and other nutrients essential for bone growth and repair. Wheat can usually be replaced with other milled grains including corn, buckwheat, oats, and millet. When the list of food allergens is extensive or complex, a qualified naturopath or dietician can be consulted to ensure dietary solutions which are safe and effective.

In view of current research, infants require additional protection to prevent allergies from developing later in life. The recommendations now include breastfeeding, whenever possible, for at least six months. Due to the vulnerability of their underdeveloped respiratory and immune function, infants face a greater long term health risk when exposed to common sources of environmental pollution and toxicity. This includes tobacco smoke, vehicle exhaust, pesticide, hormones, industrial chemicals, synthetic perfumes, deodorants, and air fresheners. In most developed countries, there is steadily increasing demand for organic produce, and within this sector, a number of dedicated manufacturers supplying baby foods with the additional reassurance of an organic certification.

Artificial conditions

Inappropriate heating, bedding, and clothing are a relatively common source of itching, dry, and irritated skin. With the low cost and popularity of central heating, electric blankets, synthetic covers, gowns, and pyjamas, there is a tendency for some individuals to become overheated during the winter months. Synthetic bedclothes are very efficient in trapping heat and increasing the resting body temperature. As this temperature rises, the body attempts to regulate it through the surface evaporation of sweat. This natural defence process will be interrupted by any synthetic fabrics which trap moisture and fail to breathe. When this occurs there is likely to be increased sweating from regions directly exposed to the air.

Constant or heavy sweating around the head and neck can contribute to a type of facial dermatitis. This condition will be exacerbated by any rubbing or scratching which is common during restless bouts of overheated sleep. The best remedy is to protect the body’s natural temperature by choosing clothing and bedclothes made from natural fibres which breathe. Organic cotton, wool, linen, hemp, silk and mohair are all suitable for this purpose.

Skin and ageing

Ageing is a complicated process involving the interaction of numerous biological factors with the external environment. Along with inevitability, it is the transient and elusive characteristics of ageing that frequently capture attention. Most of us will know someone who appears ten, even twenty years younger than their chronological age. It also seems true that profoundly stressful or sad life events have a potential to age those afflicted, sometimes dramatically and with physical changes that seem to occur overnight. From the perspective of this humble reality, it is wise to ignore and avoid cosmetic products and procedures which promise to eradicate or reverse the visible effects of skin damage and ageing. The concept of eternal youth is cynical marketing strategy and an altogether unreliable proposition. Under normal circumstances, the appearance of mature skin is determined by the impact of internal health, environmental factors and the level of care provided since youth.

Normal ageing

The normal signs of ageing skin follow a predictable course with some variation depending on individual genetics and skin type. For most individuals, the sebaceous glands become less active around the age of thirty, initially causing some moisture decrease in the superficial epidermal layers. This may result in the appearance of some very fine lines, particularly across the thinner skin of the forehead, neck, and eyes. Over time, these lines become deeper, providing each face with the individual character creases of maturity.

A dermatological analysis of mature skin will reveal signs of structural breakdown within the foundation layers of the dermis. Unlike youthful skin in which individual fibres of collagen are stretched out and neatly arranged, the underlying fibres of mature skin will be bunched up and randomly cross linked. This pattern decreases the elasticity and resilience of skin tissue. In addition to these structural changes, the rate of cell replenishment declines progressively with age. A basic understanding and acceptance of these changes will provide an opportunity to nurture and maintain healthy skin throughout the human lifespan.

Free radicals

Some of the physical changes affecting skin as a consequence of ageing may be explained according to the theory of free radical damage. A free radical is essentially an isolated oxygen atom with an unstable electron configuration. The inherent instability causes these atoms to replace their missing electrons by combining with other molecules. Each oxygen atom that successfully recombines will initiate more unstable ones in a cascading sequence. Whenever this supply of electrons is scavenged from molecules within living cells, there is likely to be the type of structural and functional damage commonly described as oxidation.

In skin cells, free radical damage has potential to corrupt the integrity of external membranes. Over time, this will result in progressive moisture loss, wrinkles, and other visible signs of ageing. 

A sensible lifestyle which includes healthy eating, regular physical activity, and adequate rest will help to limit the impact of free radical damage, and preserve the integrity and appearance of mature skin. Vitamins and minerals with antioxidant properties enable the body to defend against free radicals and other harmful substances like disease causing pathogens, and environmental pollutants.

While there are specific health supplements containing concentrated antioxidant nutrients, the best source of these is considered to be a varied menu of fresh fruit and vegetables, seafood, nuts, legumes, herbs, and organically grown tea. Since the middle of last century, intensive chemical based agriculture has caused previously fertile areas to become increasingly nutrient deficient. Several studies on Australian rural soils have measured extremely low concentrations of antioxidant minerals such as selenium, manganese, and zinc. One of the best safeguards against receiving sub optimal nutrition is to obtain foods that are produced or raised according to organic principles. By protecting their soils and promoting environmental sustainability, organic producers can supply foods that are considerably safer and more nutritious than the conventional alternatives.

Physical activity

Poor nutrient absorption and fluctuating weight are amongst the commonest causes of dull, lifeless skin in mature individuals. Provided there are no pre-existing illnesses or other debilitating conditions, regular physical activity will enable the body to become more efficient in its use of nutrients and to maintain its optimum mass and proportion. Aerobic exercise such as cycling, jogging, dancing, and fast walking will increase the heart rate, causing more oxygenated blood to reach the fine capillaries which support the matrix of skin cells beneath the epidermis. Individuals who eat well and take regular exercise will, in most cases, exhibit firmer skin of superior colour and texture when compared with sedentary individuals of similar age.

Managing stress

The normal ageing process may be accelerated by various types of physical and emotional stress. Throughout life, many individuals learn to cope with the various frustrations, disappointments and tragedies that contrast against the positive experiences. Beyond middle age, the increased risk of personal illness and death is usually accompanied by the realistic fear of losing parents, siblings, friends, and partners. Dealing appropriately with these issues is one important strategy for preventing the development of psychological problems.

Medical statistics reveal that high percentages of the elderly population suffer from debilitating forms of depression, isolation, and their associated symptoms like insomnia, and substance abuse. Aside from personal counselling, one of the most effective treatments is those sponsored events and projects which require participation across broad sectors of the community. A fine example of this would be the planning and preparation of a common plot to raise fruit and vegetables according to organic principles. In addition to the social contact and mental stimulation gained through sharing knowledge and experience, participating individuals will benefit through receiving their share of a wholesome crop that is untainted by the indiscriminate use of horticultural chemicals.

Skin and youth

Newborn babies and children have skin that is delicate and particularly susceptible to environmental stresses such as pollution, extremes of heat, cold, and sunburn. Many infants will suffer from one or more of the common skin complaints such as nappy rash, cradle cap, and eczema. Sensible treatment from an early stage will usually limit the severity and impact of these conditions.

Nappy rash

Nappy rash is identified by a constellation of small red spots appearing around the child’s bottom, groin, and legs. In serious cases the skin may become inflamed or broken with evidence of suppuration. The usual cause is wet or dirty nappies breaking down into ammonia compounds, subsequently causing bacterial skin irritation. The initial treatment for mild nappy rash is more frequent changing plus brief intervals (5-10 minutes) of exposure to air and sunlight. It helps to avoid acrylic clothing and plastic overpants. Natural organic cotton nappies are preferable to disposables in terms of infant hygiene and environmental sustainability.

There are plenty of baby change creams formulated to prevent nappy rash and relieve the discomfort of mild cases. These are readily available from pharmacies and health food shops. A few drops of organic lavender oil diluted according to the manufacturer’s instructions and rubbed gently into the skin will also heal and soothe this condition in most infants. Essential oil of Lavender, when appropriately diluted, is generally considered safe for use with infants and children; however it is advisable to consult the family health practitioner in the first instance.

Eczema

Eczema is a skin condition associated with a range of allergic conditions including asthma, hayfever, and chemical sensitivity disorders. Because dry skin is relatively common in the first few months of life, an accurate diagnosis is not feasible for these newborns. Eczema is abnormally dry skin accompanied by inflammation. The clinical description is relevant for those older babies and infants who exhibit regions of inflammation with flaking or peeling of the skin, particularly around the face and inner folds of the elbow and knee.

Medical treatment usually involves the topical application of steroidal creams which control the inflammatory response. Some doctors recommend using a safe moisturising cream. In this case, it is worthwhile choosing unscented organic products, particularly those with non-allergenic formulae.

Sun protection for children

Infants and children need to be carefully protected from the damaging effects of too much sun. Research now indicates the increased risk of developing skin cancers as a consequence of early childhood exposure to ultra violet radiation. The cancer council and community health organisations recommend a combination of sun sensible strategies to reduce the long term consequences of preventable skin damage.

The first recommendation is for parents to regularly check local readings on the scale known as the UV index and to become familiar with peak exposure periods. The UV index is a forecast predicting maximum levels of ultra violet radiation the following day. Influenced by atmospheric density, humidity, and cloud conditions, the index is frequently within the extreme range during warmer months of the year. Under these circumstances, it is advisable to restrict outdoor activities to the early morning and early evenings, when levels of harmful radiation are significantly decreased.

When it is necessary to venture outside, be sure to protect babies and children with appropriate sunscreen, hats, and loose fitting outfits made from sun protective materials. The use of sunscreen for babies under six months should be approached carefully. Most sunscreens are complex compounds, containing a surprising number of chemicals in addition to their active constituents. These can include fragrances, moisturising compounds, preservatives, and colorings.

Given this, it is not surprising to discover many infants and children can experience localised, and in some cases extreme skin irritation following their application. Any sunscreen that is recommended for infant use should have a sun protection factor of 30 or above, and be tested initially on a small area of the skin. Should there be evidence of any skin reaction it is advisable to discontinue and perhaps try another product with similar caution. When a suitable product is discovered, it is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions to receive the maximum protection. In most cases sunscreen will need to be applied half an hour before going outdoors then reapplied within three hour intervals.

In combination with staying indoors and seeking shade, hats and protective clothing offer the best all round protection against the damaging effects of ultra violet radiation. Babies and toddlers require a hat that protects their face, neck, and ears. Most babies will tolerate these well if introduced early, within the first few months of life. It is now possible to purchase clothing fashioned from sun protective materials. In most cases this will be a synthetic fibre garment with specified weave and reflective properties. The alternative is to choose loose fitting clothing made from tightly woven natural fibres such as cotton, linen, and hemp. Clothing made from unbleached organic fibres is more resilient than standard items and less likely to irritate immature and sensitive skin.

Exfoliation and hair removal

For most healthy individuals, a periodic exfoliation will help keep the skin supple and smooth. By removing the extreme outer layer of dead, flaking skin, there is likely to be an increased rate of renewal and less opportunity for pores to become clogged or inflamed. Clear pores enable the lubricating oils known as sebum to flow freely to the surface where they provide a moisture resistant coating to protect the skin. There are several materials and procedures commonly used to exfoliate the face and body, so it is helpful to understand the potential benefits and limitations of each category.

Physical exfoliators

Physical exfoliators include a broad range of brushing implements, scouring devices, and particles that can be included in gels and creams. Natural products like coarse sponge, loofah, grain husks, and sand have been used since ancient times. The main advantage with physical exfoliators is their direct action and ready availability. In most cases it is relatively easy to purchase these items and to ensure their purity. The main disadvantage is their unsuitability for individuals with particularly sensitive or problematic skin. In these cases, the repeated sloughing action of coarse particles or bristles can contribute to an unhealthy thickening of skin. The best alternative is to obtain an organic facial cleanser specifically formulated for sensitive skin. Failing this, a simple exfoliating preparation containing raw oats should be safe enough to use on a fortnightly basis.  When combined with pure water and several drops of lavender oil, finely shredded oats are one of the best physical exfoliators for sensitive skin. In addition to the gentle sloughing action, this paste provides moisturising, nourishing, and healing properties.

Fruit acids

Alpha-hydroxy acids, also known as fruit acids are a range of substances found naturally in citrus fruits, apples, milk products, and wine vinegars. Since the nineties, many facial cleansers and skin care products have included fruit acids on account of their exfoliating and rejuvenating effects on normal, healthy skin. In technical terms, they work by dissolving the protein bonds that glue and support dead skin cells on the surface of the body. Once this outer layer is exfoliated, it is washed away to reveal a fresher and brighter complexion. After several applications, fine facial lines may be reduced or eliminated and the treated skin should become noticeably smoother.

The use of fruit acids in a wide range of skin care products is currently in vogue. Despite their broad popularity, some potential disadvantages should be considered prior to use. While fruit acids are certainly present in natural foods, there is no guarantee that large cosmetic manufacturers will obtain them from this source. In many instances the active ingredient will be a synthetic chemical imitation of the natural substance. Aside from a cost and efficiency advantage, the manufacturing of synthetic versions allows the concentration and strength of active ingredients to be tightly controlled according to individual product specifications.

Under certain conditions, concentrated fruit acids may pose a health risk for individuals with sensitive skin types. If the exfoliating action penetrates too deeply, the skin may become more vulnerable to sunlight, chemical pollutants, and other types of environmental damage.

Chemical peeling

The chemical peel is a cosmetic skin procedure which is sometimes classified as a type of radical exfoliation. In actual fact it is only the very mild and superficial peels which share similarities of process and result.

Chemical peels are promoted by some surgeons and beauty therapists who claim they can dramatically improve the appearance of ageing skin. Like any consumer product in this area, such claims need to be carefully evaluated in a dispassionate manner.

Mature skin, like every other manifestation of the ageing process, has its basis at the cellular level. Despite what some might lead us to believe, there is currently no surface treatment which can safely rejuvenate the underlying matrix of cells which contribute to the surface appearance of healthy skin. At the level of surface camouflage, chemical peels are capable of reducing or eliminating fine wrinkles and some of the discoloration and blotchiness that can affect mature skin. These procedures are not effective for thin surfaces around the eyes and throat, nor can they erase dynamic wrinkles such as frown lines across the forehead.

The potential risks associated with chemical peeling are considerable. Medium and deep chemical peels require physical pain relief; in some cases a general anaesthesia will be recommended.

Phenol or carbolic acid is one of the chemicals used for deep peeling. Labelled an experimental carcinogen and teratogen, this highly toxic substance affects the heart, which must be carefully monitored during the procedure. Accurate descriptions of the recovery process do not invite casual consideration of these techniques. Facial swelling can be so extreme that the eyes may not shut for several days. The treated skin is expected to crust over and weep as it begins to heal over several weeks. Post treatment complications can include increased sensitivity, skin discoloration and permanent scarring.

In weighing these factors, it seems that chemical peels should be avoided by rational, health conscious consumers. Better results are readily available through a combination of sensible nutrition, organic skin care products, and regular exercise.

Hair removal

Whether undertaken at home or in a professional salon, the removal of unwanted facial and body hair should be a relatively simple and effective procedure. There is a considerable range of products and techniques to assist the task. The best option will probably depend on the quantity and quality of hair to be removed, in addition to the level of permanence that is required. Shaving is one of the traditional hair removal techniques that continues to be widely practiced by both men and women. It is appropriate for many body areas and has the advantage of being economical, quick, and relatively safe and painless. A sharp safety blade combined with good moisturising creams will enable a closer shave while protecting the skin. The main disadvantage with shaving is that most of the hair will regrow as ticklish stubble within a week or so. Contrary to popular wisdom, shaved hairs do not get replaced by thicker or coarser ones.

Waxing

Waxing has the advantage of being a semi permanent form of hair removal. When performed effectively, individual hairs will be uprooted from below the skin surface. Results last for approximately one month, after which new regrowth occurs. A small percentage of individuals seem to find waxing quite painful, and there are some products which may irritate sensitive skin types. Performing a patch test on a small area is the simplest way to assess this risk. There is also some risk of the occasional ingrown hair which may result in a boil like infections beneath the skin. For most individuals, these will heal quickly although any symptoms of general soreness or swelling around the site must be closely monitored.

Electrolysis

Most beauty salons offer electrolysis as their standard procedure for permanent hair removal. Electrolysis destroys the unwanted hair follicle by delivering small electric currents with a needle like probe. Because each hair must be individually selected then removed, electrolysis tends to be a slow, time consuming process. It is most suitable for small areas of defined hair growth although larger ones can be tackled over numerous sessions. The sensation of an electrolysis current can be mildly painful for some individuals and the overall cost of treatment can become an issue if multiple sessions are required.

Skin treatments

There are many products available for skin cleansing and treatment. Sometimes it can be difficult selecting the best one for the job. Natural beauty consultants or knowledgeable staff within the pharmacy and health food sectors will usually provide helpful information and advice, but before shopping around for organic skin care products, it helps to know what you’re after and why you’re after it. Let’s take a look at some of the most common skin care treatments.

Cream cleansers are among the safest and most effective skin care products available. They work with a combined action, suspending both oil and water based particles. Oily secretions are gently lifted then held in an oil based emulsion while water based secretions are safely captured in a watery emulsion.

The unique feel of a good cream cleanser is dependent on the quality and combining properties of the primary ingredients. Some of the well known brands will contain mineral oils and additional synthetic substances. For health and environmental reasons, these should be avoided wherever possible. Look for organic products which contain natural substances such as cold pressed vegetable oils, spring water, herbal extracts, and beeswax.

Liquid facial washes are designed to gently dissolve dirt, sweat, and other deposits which have accumulated on the skin’s surface. The great majority of these are soap based and likely to cause irritation, particularly for sensitive skin and situations of frequent use. By choosing unscented washes, the likelihood of an adverse reaction can be reduced.

Cleansing bars contain mild soap in addition to moisturising and soothing oils. The good ones are usually manufactured in small quantities and can be quite expensive. They are generally suitable for normal, combination, and oily skin types but less so for dry and sensitive skins on account of their soap content.

Moisturising cream forms a protective barrier that prevents moisture escaping from the exterior layers of skin. Natural moisturisers contain ingredients like almond oil, aloe vera, beeswax, honey, jojoba oil, and various essential oils including lavender, rose, and ylang ylang. Nowadays, It is very common for a moisturiser to contain ingredients such as ultra violet filters, vitamins, and flavonoids. The nutrients can improve the condition of dry or damaged skin while ultra violet filters will provide additional sun protection. Be wary of moisturising creams which promise skin rejuvenation or the elimination of wrinkles and other visible signs of ageing. These outcomes inevitably depend on a combination of lifestyle factors that cannot be distilled in a single product.

Mask and body packs consist of a concentrated mixture of ingredients that have been selected for their cleansing and healing properties. Due to their fine consistency and absorptive capacities, some varieties of natural mud and clay are particularly suitable as the base ingredient for deep cleansing masks. Nutrient rich masks are frequently prescribed to treat mild skin complaints including eczema, boils, sensitivity, and dryness. These will usually contain herbal extracts with anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, soothing, and protective actions. The list of suitable herbs includes camomile, echinacea, elderflower, horsetail, jasmine, lavender, marshmallow, and yarrow. Whenever possible, try to choose products that contain organically certified ingredients.

Astringents refresh and invigorate the skin. Most commercial varieties contain high percentages of alcohol by volume. These include toners for women, and aftershaves and colognes for men. Individuals with dry or sensitive skin should avoid these products since the alcohol has a tendency to sting and may dry out or tighten the skin.

Eye cream is a specific category of moisturiser, developed to protect and nourish the fine, sometimes brittle skin surrounding the eyes. Along with the neck, this orbital region will often exhibit advanced signs of ageing, when compared to the rest of the face. Regular moisturisers can cause irritation and puffiness, particularly if they contain chemical additives such as stabiliser or preservative. The formula for eye cream should be hypo-allergenic and based on natural ingredients.

Night creams are another specialty moisturiser. Clinical research has demonstrated that more skin cells get repaired at night than during the day. Along with an increased elimination of waste material, collagen production increases between midnight and early morning. An effective night cream should contain additional nourishment to take advantage of this situation. There are some excellent products which contain organic kelp extracts combined with cocoa butter, and vitamin E.

Facial scrubs are designed to cleanse and exfoliate with a single application. As skin begins to age, the rate of cell renewal declines. A periodic exfoliation removes dead skin cells which accumulate on the surface, making the skin appear coarse and dull. Exfoliation reveals a clearer surface and encourages cell renewal. Traditionally, exfoliation has been accomplished through mechanical rather than chemical means. In Japan, rice husks were preferred while people from Mediterranean countries used ground apricot kernels. Modern chemical exfoliants contain acids which break and remove dead cells with minimal friction. From an organic perspective, the traditional process is a safe choice, although once a week should be sufficient for most skin types. The natural enzyme papain, from paw paw, will exfoliate in a similar manner to the chemical varieties, without the associated health or environmental risks.

Improving the appearance of your skin

It is now widely accepted that indiscriminate exposure to the ultra violet radiation of sunlight contributes to permanent skin damage and visible signs of ageing. Depending on certain genetic characteristics and skin type, a percentage of incident ultraviolet radiation will be directly absorbed in a way that affects the growing cells. Sunburn is the skins immediate response to an overexposure of ultraviolet radiation. Under microscopic investigation, cells from sunburned areas reveal evidence of damage similar to those in cancer cells. Tanning is caused by increased production of melanin. It is the skins delayed response to overexposure of ultraviolet radiation.

One of the surest ways to minimise wrinkles and lines associated with ageing is to avoid frequent or extended exposures to sunlight. Because this type of restriction is impractical in countries like Australia, most individuals need to consider strategies to minimise the absorption of ultraviolet radiation. When used appropriately, broad spectrum sunscreens will provide a high level of protection against the damaging components of sunlight. By preventing initial damage and enabling already damaged skin cells the opportunity to repair themselves, sunscreens and protective clothing will ultimately contribute to healthier and more youthful looking skin.

Avoid toxic substances

The toxic substances absorbed through cigarette smoking and other recreational forms of smoking are known to contribute towards a complicated sequence of adverse health effects. Within this context there is a definite risk of damage to the circulatory system. One of the major physiological effects of nicotine and other chemicals is to cause a restriction of the blood vessels that supply major organs including the skin. In this case the long term effects of a restricted blood supply will be decreased availability of essential nutrients and a progressive failure to eliminate toxins and repair skin damage.

Cigarette smoking is also a major source of free radicals. These inherently unstable molecules will cause damage to cells in a chain reactive fashion. Free radical molecules are linked to many types of cancer and degenerative disease processes. By choosing to avoid or break the habit of smoking, it is always possible to improve the appearance of ones skin and be healthier.

Develop a daily cleaning routine

A daily cleansing routine will help to improve the appearance of your skin. Most modern soaps are chemical based and contain fragrances and other additives which are likely to dry out the skin. The alternative is to try natural ingredients or organic products based on these. The best ingredients for cleansing are those which can gently remove the exterior layers of dead skin without disrupting the moisture protective barrier of healthy skin. A handful of oatmeal in a muslin bag can be used as a soap substitute. When added to water, a fine paste known as mucin is released. In addition to its gentle cleansing action, mucin has a soothing and protective effect on the skin.

Moisturize effectively

After cleansing, it is important to moisturise the skin. Despite the claims of some manufacturers, moisturisers do not really add moisture or rejuvenate the skin. Their basic purpose is preventing the moisture loss caused by heat and atmospheric dryness. With so many moisturising products available, it can be difficult separating the safe and effective ones from the unsafe and less than adequate stocks. A helpful rule to follow is that of simplicity. Whenever possible, favour products containing a restricted number of carefully selected natural ingredients rather than a multitude of synthetic compounds. Remember that the chance of developing sensitivity or an adverse skin reaction is decreased with products containing fewer ingredients, particularly when these are derived from plants and natural sources which are raised or extracted in accordance with organic principles.

Exercise regularly

For most individuals, a regular program of exercise will enhance the overall appearance and quality of their skin, particularly when this is accompanied by sensible dietary intake. The exercise can be structured, such as circuit classes at the local gymnasium, or spontaneous, like walking or jogging steadily along the beach. The important thing is to maintain an increased heart rate for at least three quarters of an hour and to attempt this at least three times each week. In most cases there will be a visible improvement in general skin tone and overall appearance after six to eight weeks.

Regular exercise helps to increase the efficiency of the cardiovascular system, enabling oxygenated blood and nutrients to reach the matrix of skin cells below the epidermis. In addition to nurturing newly developing cells, the improved blood supply will be more efficient at removing toxins and waste products. Before commencing on any exercise program, overweight individuals and those with existing medical conditions or symptoms must consult their General Practitioner to determine its overall suitability.

Choose high quality cosmetics and toiletries

While the key ingredients for great looking skin at any age are optimum health, daily moisturising, and a clean environment, it is possible to conceal skin blemishes and soften wrinkles using a good foundation and makeup.

A professional beautician or makeup consultant can offer advice about the latest light reflecting foundations, concealers, and mineral based powders. There is currently a new generation of organic cosmetics including lipsticks, eyeliners, blushers, and powder. Safer to use than conventional products, they are based on simple formulae containing natural mineral clays, plant oils, and extracts. Lacking chemical dyes that produce intensely saturated colour, the new organic varieties are mostly available in a subtle range of earth shades.

Pamper yourself occasionally

An occasional session of pampering will reinvigorate tired or stressed skin. Attending a natural beauty clinic for a luxurious massage, facial or hair treatment can be a personal reward for important achievements or occasions. For those who prefer relaxing nights at home, facial masks containing natural clays, oils, and organic herbal extracts can be purchased from suppliers of natural beauty products. These help to exfoliate the skin by removing the outer layer of cells. When choosing these products, it is important to consider individual suitability for your skin type. Some contain additional plant oils and moisture protective treatments for dry or combination skin while others are predominantly composed of mineral clays and are more suitable for oily skin. Evaluate the product carefully and always avoid those containing harsh ingredients that may irritate the skin. Where uncertainty exists, it is safer to test a little on the arm before applying on the face.

Protect against the elements

To look its very best, skin requires protection against the external elements, particularly pollution and extremes of heat and cold. Dry and sensitive skin types are extremely vulnerable to colder weather conditions which slow the metabolism and enable less oxygen to reach the cells. Depending on atmospheric humidity, extremely hot, cold, or windy conditions can all cause dehydration. Loose clothing made from natural fibres is the ideal protection. Merino wool, mohair, organic cotton, linen, and hemp are all suitable choices. Several light layers are a better option than a single heavy layer. The light layers hold pockets of air between them, providing comfortable warmth that should not inhibit circulation or irritate the skin.

Be gentle

Gentle treatment is an important factor for individuals trying to maintain the natural beauty of their skin. With limited supplies of collagen and elastin, the delicate skin around the eyes, forehead and throat can be easily stretched and damaged. Care must be taken when cleansing, or applying moisturiser, makeup, and other treatments. Wherever possible, combine a light touch with smooth upward strokes. Try to avoid any dragging, pressing, or rubbing of the skin.

Eat well

Eating to maintain a recommended balance of the five main food groupings is essential for healthy, beautiful looking skin. A varied diet with plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables, protein, carbohydrates, some dairy foods, and cold pressed oils will ensure that the essential vitamins and minerals are readily available. Most reputable manufacturers of health supplements have products specially formulated for skin, hair, and nails. These should not be depended on as a main source of nutrients but will serve as an insurance policy and protection from mild nutrient deficiencies which can occur from time to time. Health experts recommend adults drink at least three litres of fresh water each day to maintain healthy kidneys and clear skin. Very active individuals and those living in hot climates may require twice this amount or more.

Skin type based on surface characteristics

Beauticians and cosmetic consultants will frequently classify an individual’s facial skin type according to surface characteristics. Their five classifications are useful in the sense that they provide some practical recommendations for daily care. It should be remembered, however, that surface characteristics of skin will vary considerably according to factors like general health, ageing, stress, diet, and exercise. Below we take a look at each of the five facial skin types and consider some of the steps that can be taken to optimize the appearance of each skin type.

Normal skin

Normal skin is smooth and firm to touch with no evidence of dryness or excessive oiliness. It has its own natural resilience that helps to prevent common problems such as broken capillaries, spots, or redness. Most commonly seen in children, adults who maintain these normal skin characteristics are both rare and fortunate.

The recommendation for maintaining normal skin is one gentle cleansing each day using an organic soap or facial scrub. Apply a light moisturiser each evening, preferably one based on natural plant materials such as avocado, lavender, and hemp extracts. Overexposure to harsh Australian conditions is damaging for all skin types. Maximum protection sunscreen and wide brimmed hats are the best strategy for outdoors.

Oily skin

Oily skin is often caused by hormone signals that increase the normal rate of sebum production and release. Typically, the surface feels greasy to touch while the appearance is shiny, often with visible pores. Acne and other blemishes are commonly associated with oily skin, although this negative aspect is balanced by it being less prone to wrinkles and other signs of advancing age.

The recommendation is to use organic products formulated for oily skin. Moisturise each evening but avoid the temptation to cleanse too frequently. Rather than removing excess oil, this action stimulates the sebaceous glands and may exacerbate the problem.

A healthy diet with lots of raw fruits and vegetables combined with outdoor exercise will help to balance the endocrine system and alleviate minor problems associated with oily skin. As with other skin types, adequate protection against the damaging ultra violet components of sunlight are required.

Dry skin

Dry skin is usually fine textured with a slightly dull appearance. On closer inspection there may be some flaky or granulated sections evident, particularly around the corners of the mouth, eyes, and forehead. Dry skin often feels tight or mildly uncomfortable. Without daily attention and careful nurturing, dry skin has a tendency to wrinkle and become more brittle with age.

The recommendation is to use organic products formulated for dry skin. Dry skin requires a non soap cleanser with additional moisturising action. Lightly moisturise during the day and apply a night cream before going to bed. Most natural beauty consultants will also recommend a hydrating eye gel. In order to improve the function of chronically dry skin, a careful consideration of diet and lifestyle is required. Several medical conditions are strongly associated with dry skin so a thorough medical assessment will help to eliminate these.

Ensure that your diet is rich in essential fatty acids, including the omega 3 and omega 6 oils. Good sources include deepwater fishes like cod, tuna, and mackerel, flax oil, organic avocadoes, olive oil, and raw almonds, brazil nuts, sunflower, and sesame seeds. Zinc and Selenium are essential minerals often taken in supplement form by individuals with dry skin. Alternatively they are present in nutritious foods like shellfish, green leafy vegetables, complex grains, nuts, seeds, and sea vegetables. Always drink plenty of water during the day and try to restrict the intake of sugar, caffeine, and alcohol.

Two of the worst irritants for dry skin are tobacco smoking (passive or active) and modern air conditioning systems that remove moisture in order to protect computer terminals. Dry skin is extremely vulnerable to the elements and needs to be protected with an appropriate sunscreen during outdoor activities.

Sensitive skin

Sensitive skin often has similar qualities to dry skin with the addition of areas that tend to react against both internal and external influences. Sites of reaction may be caused by allergies, pollution, chemical irritants, illness, extremes of temperature, and other unsuitable environmental conditions. The visible signs of reaction include redness, dermatitis, chafing, broken veins, capillaries and mild bruising. The care of sensitive skin is similar to that recommended for dry skin.

It is advisable to arrange a medical consultation to eliminate systemic problems prior to considering any lifestyle and dietary factors that may have contributed to the skins overall condition. Sensitive skin needs to be cleansed and maintained with a hypoallergenic and unscented range of products. Most of the synthetic chemicals contained in conventional skincare treatments are unsuitable for sensitive skin. Products formulated with natural organic ingredients are safer in this respect. It is worth the effort of ordering small samples of any organic treatments that are specified for sensitive or dry skin, and to compare their effects and results over a period of time.

Understandably, sensitive skin requires a high degree of protection against adverse weather conditions and ultra violet radiation. Wide brimmed hats and loose cotton shirts with long sleeves are sensible choices for summer. It is generally safer to choose clothing made from natural plant or animal fibres and to avoid synthetic garments, particularly those containing viscose polyester and rayon.

Combination skin

Combination skin is most common amongst adults, increasingly so after the middle period of life. It is characterised by a central band of skin which is oilier and more coarsely textured than the rest of the face. In contrast to the oily central band, the cheeks are usually normal or dry in condition.

When caring for combination skin it is important to choose products that will neither stimulate the sebaceous glands nor increase the dryness of the throat and cheek regions. Non soap cleansers and gentle moisturisers made from natural plant extracts are highly recommended for combination skin. As with other skin types, adequate protection against the damaging ultra violet components of sunlight are required.

Skin type based on pigmentation

There are two common methods for defining an individual’s skin type. Medical practitioners evaluate the distribution of pigmentation, and subsequent susceptibility to sun damage caused by ultra violet radiation. While all skin types will eventually be damaged by extended sun exposure, some individuals have more protection on account of their genetic makeup. Let’s take a look at the five skin types referred to by medical practitioners.

Type 1 skin affords the least protection against the sun’s harmful ultra violet rays. Commonly, individuals with pale skin, freckled complexions, light coloured hair and eyes exhibit this skin type. These characteristics are generally found among individuals of Northern European and Celtic origin. This pattern determines a skin that burns easily without tanning.

Type 2 mostly contains individuals with amber skin, sandy to brown hair and blue or green eyes. This skin type burns easily but is generally able to maintain a light tan that offers some minimal protection against ultra violet radiation. These characteristics are common among individuals of Nordic descent.

Type 3 includes individuals with light olive skin, brown or dark hair, and brown eyes. This skin type burns moderately but tans sufficiently to provide some protection against ultra violet radiation. These characteristics are common among individuals of Mediterranean and Central European descent.

Type 4 includes individuals with olive to brown skin, dark hair, and brown eyes. This skin type is slow to burn and has a natural hue that is reasonably protective against exposures to ultra violet radiation. These characteristics are common among individuals of Polynesian, South American, and Oriental descent.

Type 5 includes individuals with dark brown skin, dark hair and eyes. This skin is also slow to burn and darkly tanned to provide considerable protection against ultra violet radiation. These characteristics are common among individuals of North African and Middle Eastern descent. Type 5 includes individuals with dark brown to ebony skin, dark hair, and eyes. This dark skin is extremely slow to burn and offers the best natural protection against damage caused by ultra violet radiation. These characteristics are common among individuals of African, Indian, and Australian Aboriginal descent.

What is skin?

New medical students are frequently surprised to learn that, excluding the digestive tract, skin represents the largest organ of the human body and is responsible for such a diverse range of functions. Most individuals take their skin for granted, rarely considering its importance, unless forced to, perhaps by consequence of health or cosmetic reasons. In healthy individuals, it is responsible for securing the internal environment. It provides a barrier of protection against many external elements including heat, cold, pollution, and disease. While constantly maintaining its essential barrier function, skin also plays a vital role in the production of vitamin D and regulates the activity of several hormones. It is also important for determining physical appearances, and for providing a means to investigate the world and to facilitate communication with other beings and objects.

Understanding the function and structure of skin provides an insight into why many of today’s leading dermatologists are now recommending an organic approach to skin care.

About skin

The skin consists of two main layers: the epidermis on the outside, and the dermis underneath. The dermis is the main structure of the skin and while varying in thickness throughout the body, it performs the basic role of supplying nutrients and moisture to the epidermis at each location. The dermis contains a watery ground substance and a mixture of two important skin proteins called collagen and elastin. The word collagen is derived from the Greek word kolla, meaning glue. The type of collagen found in the dermis provides a structural adhesive for the skin and is produced by groups of cells known as fibroblasts. Fibers of the pliable protein, elastin, are distributed between layers of collagen to form a strong yet flexible matrix.

Specialist cells

Mixed throughout the dermis are the specialist cells which serve to guard against internal disruptions as well as those caused by external irritation. Mast cells produce chemical messengers like histamine that is released as part of the body’s defence reaction whenever allergens like pollen, smoke, dust, or chemical toxins are encountered. The macrophages are scavenger cells which facilitate the removal of foreign substances with the assistance of the leucocytes or white blood cells which contribute to the body’s immune response against bacterial infections.

Sebaceous and sweat glands

The dermis also contains the sebaceous and sweat glands. Sebaceous glands produce an oily substance known as sebum which serves to moisturise and protect the external layers of skin and hair. They are influenced by a hormone which causes the amount of sebum to increase during puberty, often resulting in excessively oily skin and the familiar acne caused by inflammation and blockage of the glands. With advancing age, the production of sebum slows, often leading to a drier skin.

The eccrine sweat glands play an important role in temperature regulation. When body temperature rises, they release fluid that cools the skin as it evaporates. During exercise in hot conditions, the body may release several litres of sweat every hour. At the same time blood is circulated through capillaries near the surface. The resulting heat exchange initiates a further cooling effect. If the body is exposed to extreme cold, blood vessels in the dermis will contract, diverting their normal blood supply to thermally protect the brain and vital organs.

Closely related to sweat glands are the apocrine glands which are located mainly in the armpits, groin, and chest. Along with fluids and electrolyte, they release hormone like substances known as pheromones which are likely to play some role in sexual attraction, bonding, and possibly the timing of female menstruation.

Receptors

From an anatomical perspective, a large section of the cerebral cortex is devoted to processing the sensory signals that are delivered by nerves via receptors located in the skin. There are special types of receptor called Meissner’s corpuscles. Lying at the dermal and epidermal junction, they are located in great numbers on the palms and soles of the feet. Vater-Pacini corpuscles lie deeper in the dermis and are used to detect sudden changes in pressure while the Merkel’s disks occur at the epidermis and can relay sensations of continuous pressure. In combination with nerve receptors attached to surface body hairs, these enable the range of touch sensations that are important for basic human activities such as emotional comforting, detecting danger and locating objects in space.

Outer layer

The epidermis begins with a layer of basal cells located at the dermal and epidermal junction. Initially, basal cells rest on a membrane where they grow and divide. After undergoing several divisions each basal cell transforms into a keratinocyte which undertakes a migration toward the outer surface. Requiring approximately twenty eight days to reach its destination, the keratinocyte begins to progressively synthesise filaments of a waterproof protein known as keratin. When the keratinocyte reaches the outer layer of skin, there is no further role than to provide a tough exterior coating. This outer, most visible layer of skin consists entirely of dead keratin cells that are woven together. The process continues indefinitely since the surface of skin is constantly worn away and must be replaced by the next generation of lifeless keratin.

Immune system

The immune system is also represented by cells within the epidermis. Langerhans cells provide a defence against certain types of environmental invaders. In combination with other scavenger and antigen presenting cells they limit the damage that may otherwise be caused by noxious substances, bacteria, viruses, and parasites.

Skin color

Skin pigmentation is determined by cells at the lowest level of the epidermis. Known as melanocytes, they produce melanin which influences the normal colour of each individual’s skin, eyes, and hair. The amount of melanin produced within the epidermis also affects the ability to tan darker in response to sunlight. With advancing age and cumulative exposure to sunlight there may be an increase in the size, number and darkness of blemishes that are caused by excessively active melanocytes clumped together in patches.

Physical barrier

The outermost section of the epidermis is called the stratum corneum. In direct contact with the external world, it is perhaps the most significant of all the physical barriers in the body. It is composed entirely of dead keratin cells that are arranged in interlocking columns. Its thickness varies across the body. Areas of high wear like the soles of the feet can be up to thirty times thicker than softer skin around the lips and eyes.

Despite its barrier function, there is constant exchange between the skin and the external environment. Medicinal ointments and other topical treatments will enter the body through sweat or sebaceous glands. It is understood, for example, that most steroid creams will transit via the sebaceous glands. This is determined by their need to be absorbed in a region with increased fat solubility. As well as medicines, the skin will absorb pollutant chemicals present in the atmosphere as well as many of the synthetic substances within cosmetic and personal hygiene products.

While healthy skin can inactivate or lessen the impact of some dangerous substances, this ability is compromised whenever the stratum corneum is excessively worn, dried out, or stripped of its protective coating of oily sebum. This may occur as a consequence of illness, excessive grooming, or prolonged stress.

Hair

Originating from follicles in the dermis, hair is a specialised appendage which, like the outermost layer of skin, consists of a keratin protein. When visible, it provides some thermal insulation and additional physical protection for the epidermis. Each hair follicle has a minute muscle that contracts with cold and, occasionally, physical stress. This causes the hairs to stand on end. The effect is to retard the flow of air across the surface, conserving body warmth by reducing the surface exchange of heat. In dogs and other animals the erect hairs will exaggerate physical size and may decrease the chances of them being attacked by a rival. Anthropologists often describe modern humans as the naked apes. Dermatologists and others familiar with the skins magnified appearance might question the lack of accuracy, since even visibly smooth areas of the body are covered with fine unpigmented velus hairs. Despite their diminutive scale, these hairs function as extremely sensitive touch sensors. Their input can enable detection of minute events like the disturbance of air which occurs whenever someone approaches quietly in a still room.

Eating for beautiful skin

Often without intending, many of us instinctively assess an individual’s health and vitality through subtle nuances of skin colour, brightness, and texture. Through this habit, we derive descriptions of individuals appearing “a bit off colour”, “pale” or “green about the gills”. Because the appearance of skin really does reflect the inner state of physical health, it makes a lot of sense to look at maintaining beauty from within. A healthy eating plan, accompanied by regular exercise and sensible lifestyle choices will provide the best foundation for beautiful skin.

Sustainable and realistic

The best eating plan is one that can be maintained steadily, over a long period of time. It is absolutely essential to emphasise seasonal foods which provide wonderful tastes and pleasure. For those with some interest in food and nutrition, the information age has opened new horizons of cross cultural exchange and experimentation. It has never been easier to access such a wide selection of time efficient recipes and suggestions based on simple fresh ingredients.

With the exception of medically supervised programs for clinically overweight individuals, sustained calorie restriction and other types of dieting tend to have negative impacts on overall health and the appearance of the skin. Under the prolonged stress of significant calorie restrictions, skin is likely to collapse, resulting in the appearance of additional lines and wrinkles. When calorie restrictions result in nutrient deficiency, even at the mildest level, the rate of skin renewal may decline, exacerbating the problem.

Short-term detoxification

The unfortunate scenario of prolonged dieting should not be confused with the potentially positive effects of a short term detoxification fast. With the specific aim of eliminating toxins and enabling the organs to function more efficiently, short periods of liquid fasting can increase the rate of skin renewal, resulting in a clearer, and brighter complexion. Detoxification programs should always be devised and supervised by a fully qualified naturopath or equivalent registered health professional.

Water

Those who seek beautiful skin must drink plenty of fresh water, at least three litres each day. This amount is the minimum recommendation, and must be increased during warmer weather and periods of strenuous physical activity. During an average day, the body loses half a litre of water through the pores and as vapour exhaled during respiration. This quantity can increase to the point where more than a litre is expelled during an hour of strenuous aerobic activity. Interestingly, extremely fit individuals tend to lose more fluid, as their bodies become more efficient at cooling down. A significant quantity of water is also released each day as waste, filtering through the intestine and kidneys.

Water plays an essential role, enabling the body to utilise nutrients and to eliminate toxins. In the absence of sufficient water intake, the skin will dry out, and is likely to feel tight and uncomfortable. The best strategy is to drink a large glass of water each morning then continually replenish the body with regular sips of water throughout the day. It is generally not helpful using thirst as a guide, since this suggests that dehydration may have already occurred. The finest drinking waters are sourced from pollution free locations, mountain streams, underground springs, and the like.

Essential nutrients

A full complement of essential nutrients will ensure the natural beauty of skin is maintained throughout the lifecycle. Choosing a range of items from each of the important food groups is the easiest way to provide the body with the vitamins, minerals, and other compounds required for the normal growth, repair, and preservation of healthy skin. Selecting the freshest produce increases the quality and efficacy of each available nutrient. It is best to avoid stocks that have been stored for long periods since a portion of the available nutrients are likely to have become depleted. This fastidious approach to freshness should be combined with minimal preparation.

Fruits and vegetables are more nutritious when consumed raw in salads, mueslis, juices, and sandwiches. Try to have several servings of raw fruit and vegetables each day, with a wide range of colours, whenever possible. It is now understood that the brightly coloured ones contain more antioxidant and immune boosting compounds. Vegetables such as beetroot, sweet potato, broccoli, peppers, and carrots should be included along with fruits like kiwi, melons, pawpaw, passionfruit, and oranges.

Always be wary of produce treated with pesticide and preservative. While their appearance might seem superior to natural examples, they may in fact contain alarming levels of chemical toxins. For preservation of health, organically grown produce is the safest option.

Proteins

Protein is an important ingredient for beautiful skin. It supplies the body with amino acids which are the basic building blocks that promote cell development and integrity. Animal sources of protein are widely available. Regular portions of organic poultry, fish, and lean red meat can occasionally be supplemented with organic eggs, cheeses, and milk. Most vegetarians need to carefully monitor their protein intake. The best vegetable sources of protein are complex grains, pulses, nuts, and soya products.

Healthy oils

There are several examples of healthy oils which should always be consumed regularly to protect cell membranes and support the skins natural barrier function. Part of the protective capacity of these oils is their ability to limit the effects of inflammation which is a potential cause of degenerative ageing. Healthy oils include essential fatty acids known as Omega 3, 6, and 9. These oils are also necessary to transport the fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K throughout the body. The best source of Omega 3 is deep sea fish such as salmon, mackerel, sardines, and tuna. Omega 3 is also available from walnuts, and cold pressed flaxseed oil. Omega 6 is found in avocadoes, nuts, and sesame seeds while Omega 9 compounds are obtained from cold pressed olive oils.

Spirulina and sea vegetables

There are two foods which provide such a rich supply of important nutrients that they deserve to be highlighted as particularly beneficial to skin health and beauty. Spirulina is a blue-green algae sold at most health food shops. Rich in amino acids and beta carotene, it also contains many of the B vitamins and trace minerals that may be depleted through illness or stress. Spirulina can be taken in capsules or as a powdered supplement mixed with water, juice, or fruit smoothies.

Sea vegetables have been consumed throughout Asia for centuries. With a capacity to provide concentrated minerals in easily assimilated form, these foods will improve the texture and appearance of skin and hair. They also include alginic acid, a substance known to absorb and remove toxins from the body. Sea vegetables are usually purchased dried, and in processed sheets such as Japanese Nori.

Junk food

There are other foods which should be avoided by those wishing to maintain beautiful, healthy skin. High on the list are the convenience foods, snacks, and breakfast cereals with their saturated fats and high sugar content. Over a period of time, too many highly refined carbohydrates can result in damaged skin. This may initially be noticeable as a general dullness, sagging, wrinkling, and thinning. The best remedy is to replace the highly processed foods with those that are wholesome and close to nature.