Attracting birds to the garden

A complex and natural garden must include a variety of birds, some resident, others frequenting as seasonal visitors. Many species can be attracted by providing their basic requirements of food, water, and shelter. The two types that will be most important are the fragile nectar eaters, and those that feed exclusively on insects. The nectar eaters such as hummingbirds contribute by pollinating flowers and fruit. Small, agile species of wren, thornbill, and several varieties of finch will assist with the control of insects by capturing and devouring large quantities, particularly when raising their young. Larger vegetarian and omnivorous birds such as parrots, cockatoos, and members of the crow family can be destructive as can species like starling which congregate in very large flocks.

A safe environment

To be comfortable and safe, most species of birds require different levels of vegetation, beginning with tall grasses for ground cover and feed, compact elevated shrubbery or hedges for protection against the elements, and tall trees for safety against predators, nesting, and observation of their territories. The neighbourhood presence of domestic cats is a predatory threat to birdlife, particularly native species which often lack the speed, agility, and experience to avoid capture. Warning bells attached to a cat’s collar can help save birds as can the careful positioning of popular facilities such as feed stations, nesting boxes and water baths. The nest boxes definitely need to be elevated then hidden from view. Water fountains and feed tables should be placed in safe, open spaces with no concealment or cover for stalking hunters. Many local councils have developed campaigns to eradicate ferals while controlling numbers of domesticated pets through registration and spaying. Despite appearing harsh, such initiatives should be encouraged by anyone interested in protecting or maintaining a healthy representation of native birdlife.

Dietary patterns

When planning a garden to attract native birdlife, it is worthwhile observing and researching their seasonal dietary requirements. Smaller species in particular, tend to have fast metabolisms requiring them to feed frequently on a wide variety of foods. A good selection of flower and nectar producing plants will attract a regular supply of insects along with the birds that feed on these. Shrubs that yield a berry crop or those with pods containing seeds are well received by ground foraging species. Leaving the seed heads on flowers until the birds have visited will ensure that these rich stores of energy are properly utilised. Water features can also be useful for attracting birds, particularly in dry climates.

Feeding stations can be filled to attract migrating and transient species during the winter months. A range of hard and soft foods including sunflower seeds, millet, fresh greens, mashed potatoes, and porridge can be served each morning then removed by evening to avoid encouraging mice or rats. Local species may prefer feeding within their native habitats.

Loss of native bird populations

During the previous century, most urban and rural locations have suffered serious depletions of their native bird populations. The causes of this are complex but usually include degradation of habitats, chemical toxicity within food supplies, lowered immunity, and competition from introduced species. When a population retreats or disappears from an area, considerable effort and encouragement is usually required to restore them. Even when appropriate conditions are re-established, years may elapse before they return in acceptable numbers. Frustratingly, birds are far easier to lose, apparently overnight. If a garden fails to provide safe conditions, or the appropriate types and quantities of food, most of the birds will rapidly disappear in search of new habitat.

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Published on September 22nd, 2007.
Filed in sub-topic, Pests & Insects.