Medicinal herbs and their uses

Throughout history, the medicinal use of herbs has been consistently linked with systems of traditional knowledge. The health philosophies of eastern, western, and indigenous cultures can be understood as integral components of unique world views which are progressively shaped by environmental factors, empirical knowledge, and religious practices. For example, eastern approaches to health and wellbeing must be addressed in the context of the Ayurvedic systems of ancient and contemporary India, along with the Buddhist and Taoist systems which have influenced important regions within Asia.

The Western European approach to health was initially shaped by the religious influences of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. For example, herbal tonics and remedies were intensively researched and developed in the monasteries and convents of Europe. Since the Italian renaissance of the sixteenth century, western approaches to health have been increasingly dominated by the influence of empirical sciences. Indigenous philosophies of health incorporate similar factors. A common theme among many of these is the complex integration of physical and emotional wellbeing, spirituality, and tribal connections with ancestors and the natural environment. Across a diversity of cultures, knowledge relating to herbal remedies, healing, and medicine is protected by well established prohibitions and laws. This encourages certain skills to be distributed narrowly across selected members of a society. In many instances, knowledge of herbal remedies was considered potentially dangerous and was therefore compiled by the most experienced elders who commanded significant respect within their communities. 

Contemporary herbal and naturopathic remedies are frequently based on combinations of traditional knowledge and scientific investigation. At present, there is considerable interest in the revival of traditional and ancient herbal remedies along with their associated philosophies of health and wellbeing. This can be attributed, in part, to increased awareness of the limitations of conventional medicine.

Last century, antibiotics were widely acclaimed as a wonder drug, they revolutionised medical treatment with their ability to control a wide range of minor and serious infections. Today, the outlook is less optimistic because many bacterial strains have developed a resistance to the conventional treatments. Similarly, despite a global investment in medical and pharmaceutical research, the primary infection and opportunistic illnesses associated with HIV are less than adequately managed.

While there is presently no evidence to indicate that herbal or naturopathic remedies can be more effective in these difficult areas, the healing potential of many natural compounds remains an exciting prospect. The resources allocated to studying the natural healing and immune strengthening properties of herbs and other plants is only a fraction of those dedicated to developing conventional pharmaceuticals. Unfortunately, the reputation of alternative health therapies has occasionally suffered from a lack of regulation and the exaggerated claims of a few practitioners. By focusing on these negative aspects, the mainstream media tends to promote an atmosphere of apprehension and prejudice which can discourage some individuals from seeking an alternative approach. In order to fully protect themselves, consumers of herbal and similar alternative remedies should research the options then proceed with caution. When incorrectly prescribed or applied, herbal remedies can be harmful. For this reason, it is extremely important to obtain the services of a qualified and registered practitioner.

An average of six years tertiary study must be completed to qualify as a naturopath or herbalist. In most states, the registration and insurance of practitioners is facilitated through an industry association. When the regulating authority reports to a relevant sector of the health department, there is a minimum of two levels of practitioner monitoring. This is the best model for supporting and strengthening fundamental clinical skills while protecting the consumer. Many of the popular remedies have advanced considerably over the previous few decades.

Premium grade herbal supplements now contain certified organic ingredients and are manufactured in a standardised form which enables them be scientifically evaluated. Before prescribing standardised herbal remedies, a good practitioner will be prepared to describe their potential benefits with reference to the most recent scientific literature on treatment efficacy.

In most instances contemporary herbal remedies are prescribed to strengthen or improve the functioning of a specific organ or body system. When taken as food, fresh and dried herbs continue to provide therapeutic effects however these are frequently inconsistent and cannot be scientifically evaluated like a standardised dosage. The herbs with the strongest therapeutic effects are most likely those which can be freshly picked from healthy soils. Organic gardeners frequently select herbs which have a history of culinary and therapeutic applications. For example, thyme, bay, and basil, not only provide complex flavours to meat dishes, they also function as digestive tonics and release compounds which can assist the liver to break down fatty oils. Food scientists are now discovering that many of the commonest herbs and spices contain high levels of antioxidant and protective plant chemicals. Those which have been recently identified include turmeric, cloves, cinnamon, sage, rosemary, marjoram, oregano, and ginger.

In combination with a balanced supply of nutrient rich foods, organic herbs can boost the immune system and help to prevent or delay a wide range of degenerative and chronic disease conditions. Herbs like garlic, horseradish, and fenugreek can be taken with lemon juice in hot drinks to treat minor respiratory infections. Ginger is calming for the stomach and may be used to alleviate motion sickness. Ginko, chillies, and rosemary all contain compounds which improve circulation and may help to prevent certain types of memory impairment.

Herbs from the organic garden can also be used externally, to treat minor skin conditions. Juice from the aloe plant is gentle enough to apply directly to mild sunburn, eczema, and acne. Crushed lavender blossoms release a natural antiseptic which is also very gentle on the skin. The cold pressed oil is often mixed with beeswax and zinc oxide powder to make a healing ointment. When placed in a muslin bag and suspended from a hot water tap, lavender blossoms will release their oils into the bath or basin. This will not only create a fragrant and relaxing bath, but also one which helps to relieve and heal insect stings, nappy rash, and mild burns.

These preparations and similar home remedies should always be applied moderately and with caution, particularly when taken for the first time. Since herbal compounds can interact with certain medications, individuals with diagnosed health conditions must consult their regular physician beforehand. Pregnant and breast feeding women should always consult their medical caregiver before trying herbal remedies of any description.